Experts Propose Steady Expansion of Institutional Opening-Up

https://youtu.be/-DHcsbPVHBg

To promote understanding of the guiding principles from the 20th Central Committee’s Third Plenary Session, the 90th China Reform International Forum was held in Haikou, Hainan, on November 2-3. This event was jointly hosted by the China Institute for Reform and Development, China Daily, and the China Public Diplomacy Association, focusing on building a high-level socialist market economy. On the morning of November 3, attendees discussed strategies for “steadily expanding institutional opening-up.”

The plenary sessions were chaired by Zhou Shuchun, Vice Chairman of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Executive Vice President of the China Human Rights Development Foundation, and Song Xiaowu, Chairman of the Academic Committee of the China Economic System Reform Research Association.

Zheng Xinli, former Deputy Director of the Policy Research Office of the CPC Central Committee, highlighted that institutional opening up is essential for building a high-level socialist market economy. Institutional opening up, which includes the adoption of new rules, regulations, standards, and management practices, represents a shift in China’s approach to international engagement. It is necessary for reducing trade barriers and establishing a high-standard, open economic system. He emphasized the need to integrate international high-standard free trade agreements into China’s economic foundation.

Yu Hongjun, former Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, stressed the importance of understanding global trade dynamics to improve international economic cooperation. He urged close monitoring of global economic changes and alignment with higher international trade standards. Yu advocated for broader independent opening-up efforts to elevate the quality of China’s international economic relationships by building and enhancing free trade zones with global partners.

Liu Shijin, Deputy Director of the Economic Committee of the 13th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former Deputy Director of the Development Research Center of the State Council, suggested that institutional opening-up could also foster service sector consumption. He proposed greater openness in the service industry, reducing restrictions on cross-border trade in services, and exploring pilot projects such as Hainan Free Trade Port.

Wang Zhongmin, former Vice President of the National Council for Social Security Fund, pointed out that institutional opening up can be interpreted as a digital shift, particularly relevant in the era of artificial intelligence. He noted that in the digital age, a structure based on “0 and 1” holds the potential to rapidly advance productivity.

Former Italian Deputy Minister of Economic Development, Michele Geraci, suggested further expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) by establishing BRI business, think tank, and exchange platforms.

Chang-Hee Lee, Director of the International Labour Organization’s China and Mongolia Office, emphasized that global youth employment recovery is currently uneven, requiring a coordinated policy package that includes counter-cyclical fiscal policies, investment strategies, and public service reforms to assist young people entering the workforce in challenging times.

U Myint, Chairman of the Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies, highlighted that institutional opening up should shift the focus from high growth to high-quality growth, stabilizing global supply chains, enhancing economic governance, and harmonizing China’s domestic institutional environment with high-standard international trade regulations.

Yu Yongding, a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, argued that “national security” concerns are often used by some countries to ignore established trade rules. He warned that while geopolitical motives may bring short-term gains for certain countries, they could harm all nations in the long run. He advocated for resolving trade disputes within the WTO framework and promoting stronger people-to-people exchanges to stabilize major trade relationships.

Liu Shangxi, Chief Expert at the Academy of Fiscal Science, observed that the global “risk expectation” currently outweighs the “return expectation,” impacting economic growth. As globalization enters a new phase, he emphasized that positive competition and cooperation are essential.

Huang Qunhui, member of the Economic Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, recommended promoting higher-level openness to boost productivity. He emphasized the importance of creating a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, legally sound, and globally connected.

Jia Qingguo, former Dean of the School of International Relations at Peking University, proposed strategies for overcoming challenges in high-tech industries. He suggested investing in foundational research and prioritizing technologies with strong potential to meet national strategic needs.

Zhang Yansheng, researcher at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, listed institutional opening-up as a critical factor in overcoming the middle-income trap, improving strategic mutual trust, and pushing forward a new phase of globalization and marketization.

Jia Kang, founder of the China Academy of New Supply-side Economics, emphasized the importance of institutional opening-up for China’s deep-seated reforms and productivity advancement. He recommended that regions like the Hainan Free Trade Port and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area take the lead in this effort.

Zhang Zhanbin, Director of the China Modernization Research Center at the Central Party School, pointed out that both China’s modernization and institutional opening-up have entered pivotal phases. The goal is to establish a high-level open economic system by 2035.

Calibria Jude, Professor at Tsinghua University’s Schwarzman Scholars Program, noted that Africa, with its young demographic, has unique needs for job creation and economic opportunities, which can be strengthened through enhanced trade relations with China.

Søren, the Danish Consul General in Guangzhou, reiterated that multilateralism is essential for addressing global crises and fostering peace, while cautioning against “decoupling” and advocating for trust-based dispute resolution.

Zhao Jinping, former Director of the Foreign Economic Research Department at the Development Research Center of the State Council, observed that service trade is entering a recovery phase globally but faces challenges, such as increased regulatory costs and changing domestic market conditions. He suggested that Hainan Free Trade Port could serve as a pilot for regulatory reform in China’s service trade sector.

Thorsten Jerinick, European Director at the Taihe Institute, noted that China’s economy has shifted from efficiency-driven to innovation-driven, necessitating a rebalancing of global economic relationships and more transparent dialogue.

Finally, Wang Huiyao, founder of the Center for China and Globalization, stressed that economic stimulation relies on unblocking factors of production, particularly through reforms in rural land use, which could have broad economic impacts.

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Summary:

Experts at the 90th China Reform International Forum discussed ways to advance China’s institutional opening up to foster a high-level socialist market economy. Key suggestions included aligning with international trade standards, expanding free trade agreements, and enhancing cooperation, particularly through the Belt and Road Initiative. The forum emphasized boosting service sector openness, strengthening high-tech development, and addressing regulatory challenges. Experts noted that institutional reforms would improve productivity, attract foreign investment, and stabilize global supply chains. Participants also stressed the importance of multilateralism, open markets, and building strategic trust with other nations to navigate global economic challenges.

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专家建言稳步扩大制度型开放

为学习贯彻党的二十届三中全会精神，11月2-3日，中国（海南）改革发展研究院、中国日报社、中国公共外交协会联合主办的“构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的中国与世界——第90次中国改革国际论坛”在海南海口举行。在3日上午的全体大会上，与会嘉宾围绕“稳步扩大制度型开放”开展研讨交流。

全体大会上下单元分别由第十三届全国政协常委、中国人权发展基金会常务副理事长周树春，中国经济体制改革研究会学术委员会主席宋晓梧主持。

中央政策研究室原副主任郑新立指出，制度型开放是建设高水平社会主义市场经济体制的必然要求。实行制度型开放，即规则、规制、管理、标准的开放，这是开放模式的重大转变，是新形势下打破贸易壁垒的需要，是建立高水平开放型经济新体制和高水平社会主义市场经济体制的需要。下一步，必须进一步夯实制度型开放的基础，主动对接国际高标准自由贸易协定。

中联部原副部长于洪君指出，要准确把握世界经贸格局，努力优化对外经济合作。一是密切跟踪世界经贸格局发展变化，准确把握中国与外部世界的经济关系；二是主动对接更高标准的国际经贸规则，大幅提升对外经济关系的质量与水平。要进一步扩大自主开放，大力推进和提升中国与国外合作伙伴的自贸区建设，持续推进面向全球的国内高标准自贸区网络建设，建立健全更加完整、合乎国际规则和规范的对外开放与合作的机制和体制，全方位提高对外合作的质量与水平，继续维护以世贸组织为核心的多边贸易体制。

第十三届全国政协经济委员会副主任、国务院发展研究中心原副主任刘世锦指出，要通过制度型开放促进服务消费发展。一是在服务业特别是服务消费方面要进一步扩大开放，要逐步缩短跨境服务贸易负面清单。二是以开放促进国内改革，要沿着开放的大方向推进。三是海南自贸港等可以先行试点。四是推动主动开放、单边开放。

全国社保基金理事会原副理事长王忠民指出，制度开放也可以称为01。进入数字化时代，进入AI时代，不仅要把制度型开放放到01结构的数字化中，更要理解这种制度型开放和以往的制度型开放之间的不同。01的制度是生产力释放和生产力快速进步的核心所在。

意大利经济发展部前副部长杰拉奇建议，进一步扩大“一带一路”，一是创建“一带一路”的企业平台，二是创建“一带一路”的智库平台，三是创建“一带一路”的交流平台。

国际劳工组织中国、蒙古局局长李昌徽指出，当前全球青年就业复苏既不普遍，也不均衡。帮助在复杂转型情况下进入劳动力市场的青年，需要有效和协调的一揽子政策，包括反周期财政政策、经济和就业政策、投资政策、公共服务政策等。

缅甸战略与国际问题研究所主席丹觉指出，制度型开放主要是要从高增长转向高质量增长，要确保全球供应链的稳定，增强经济的治理结构；使国内制度环境和国际高水平的经贸规则对接；消除制度壁垒，促进国内和国际市场对接。中国稳步推动制度型开放会带来双赢机会。

中国社会科学院学部委员余永定指出，当前，国家安全概念成为某些国家无视规则的托词。出于地缘政治的考虑，虽然一些国家在短期可能收益，但所有国家在长期都会受损。维护多边主义，在世贸组织框架内解决贸易争端至关重要。此外，通过更多接触、更多民间交往，可以有助于稳定大国贸易关系。

全国政协委员，中国财政科学研究院高端智库首席专家、原院长刘尚希认为，当前，全球“风险预期”超越“收益预期”，成为影响经济增长的主要因素。进入全球化3.0版本阶段，全球良性的竞争和合作，才是根本出路。

全国政协委员、经济委会员委员，中国社会科学院经济研究所研究员黄群慧指出，要以更高水平开放推进新质生产力发展。一是营造市场化、法治化、国际化的一流营商环境，以资本为纽带集聚全球新质生产力要素、促进新质生产力发展。二是主动对标和借鉴高标准的市场规则、规制、管理、标准，促进国际国内要素有序自由流动、资源高效配置、国内国际市场深度融合。三是全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制措施。四是将自贸区打造成为高水平自主创新高地、高素质要素集聚高地、高标准规则测试高地。

北京大学国际关系学院原院长贾庆国建议，在保持对外开放的情况下更加有效应对高科技“卡脖子”的挑战。一是需要转变思路，面对“卡脖子”问题需要补短板，更要强长板。二是补短板兼顾近期效应和长远利益，对于补短板项目严格甄选，扶持对国家发展战略需求最大、最有希望取得突破的技术，长期重点支持具有颠覆性影响的基础研究。三是无论补短板还是强长板，都要完善竞争机制，制定公平公开透明的规则，打造公平竞争的平台。

中国宏观经济研究院研究员张燕生指出，第一，制度型开放是跨越中等收入陷阱的决定因素；第二，要重视长期经济增长中的国家能力建设；第三，制度型开放更关键在于增进战略互信；第四，制度型开放要继续推动新全球化新市场化前行。

华夏新供给经济学研究院创始院长，中国财政科学研究院研究员贾康指出，制度型对外开放，将更有力地在改革深水区催化、倒逼“以改革解放生产力”的攻坚克难。为此，要发挥海南自贸港、粤港澳大湾区作为领头雁和先行军的作用；同时，推动本国统一大市场积极对接全球大市场。

中央党校（国家行政学院）中国式现代化研究中心主任张占斌指出，中国式现代化进入关键时期，稳步扩大制度型开放也到了关键时期。建设高水平开放型经济体制必须稳步扩大制度型开放。到2035年全面建成高水平社会主义市场经济体制，揭示了稳步扩大制度型开放的紧迫性。

清华大学苏世民书院波音公司国际关系访问讲席教授，全球发展中心高级研究员加利比里亚·久德认为，中非人口结构不同、需求不同。非洲年轻人非常多，需要更多的工作机会。非洲需要进一步加强与中国的关系，同时需要推动中非贸易结构从原材料向中间品升级。

丹麦驻广州总领事沈博指出，多边主义促进了和平与安全，促进了全球对危机做出共同反应，是应对全球共同挑战唯一方法。同时，需要增强信任解决争端，以避免“小院高墙”，避免“脱钩断链”，以更好地解决人类面临的挑战。

国务院发展研究中心对外经济研究部原部长赵晋平指出，无论是中国还是世界都正在进入服务贸易持续复苏的新阶段，但面临两方面的挑战。一是全球规制不断增加企业成本，二是国内市场环境要素价格等各方面因素发生变化。进行国内规制改革成为当务之急。其中，海南自由贸易港有条件成为我国服务贸易推进国内规制改革的先行者和引领者。

太和智库欧洲总监、高级研究员托斯登·耶里尼克指出，中国从过去效率性的经济变成了创新性的经济，与其他经济体的关系发生了变化。全球主要经济体需要彼此再平衡，需要公开坦诚的讨论和交流。

商务部欧洲司原司长孙永福指出，推动高水平开放，是我国打破贸易壁垒、构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的重要因素，进一步主动开放甚至单边开放是我国进一步融入世界的标志。

全球化智库创始人兼理事长王辉耀认为，稳定经济、刺激经济，重要的是让要素流动起来。当前，可以起到立杆见影效果的是改革农村宅基地，这可以发挥多方面的效应。

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来源：中国日报网 2024-11-04 08:17

https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202411/04/WS672812ada310b59111da1668.html